Chaṇḍa's grammar of the ancient (Ársha) Prákr̥it

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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1880 edition. Excerpt: ... COMPABED WITH THOSE OV Vabauuchi AND Hemaciiandba. 1, VOWEIS. The vowel system does not materially differ from that of the ordinary Prakrit. But many of the peculiarities of the latter do not yet show themselves in the earlier Prakrit of Chanda. In common with the later, the old Prakrit does not possess the following Sanskrit vowels; /' (II, 5), ai (II, 6), au (II, 8) and the protracted (pluta, II, 14). Nothing is said regarding fi, Ifi, Ifi, but they seem to be included in the term fvarnasya (II, 5). A similar accidontal omission of sutra I, IS has occurred in Uio case of MS. B. Instead of ri, either the Bj-llablo ri or any othor vowel (a, i, u, e, o) may be used, according to circumstances (II, 5). Instead of ai either at or e, and instead of au either ail or o, may bo used, according to circumstances (II, G-9): but not i, ( and , as in later Prakrit. With regard to the changes of those vowels which the old Prakrit possesses, there are the following two broad laws: 1. A long votcel (a, i, it) preceding a conjunct consonant it shortened a, i, a), 11,3. Hemachandra's rule, H. C. I, 84, corresponds to this; Vararuchi has no corresponding rule, sec Cowcll, p. 185. 2. The final vowel of the former part of a compound toord is dropped, if the initial vowel of the latter part is followed by a conjunct consonant (II, 2); e. g., deva + indra would in Sanskrit be devendra, but in the Arsha the final a of deva is elided, hence the compound is devinda There is nothing corresponding to this rule in either Vararuchi or Hcmachandra; they apparently did not acknowledge it. But evidences of the change to which the rule refers are by no means uncommon, even in the later Jaina Prakrit; thus in the Bhngavati occur yogvvaoe == Skp, yogopayognh,...

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